{"id":4355,"date":"2020-09-22T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-09-22T13:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www2.hshsl.umaryland.edu\/hslupdates\/?p=4355"},"modified":"2020-10-20T10:04:51","modified_gmt":"2020-10-20T14:04:51","slug":"medical-illustrators-and-illustrations-in-the-hs-hsls-historical-collections","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www2.hshsl.umaryland.edu\/hslupdates\/?p=4355","title":{"rendered":"Medical Illustrators and Illustrations in the HS\/HSL\u2019s Historical Collections"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Medical Illustrators and Illustrations in the HS\/HSL\u2019s Historical Collections<\/strong><\/p>\n

On October 6, 2020 the HS\/HSL is hosting medical illustrator, Lydia Gregg, for a Meet the Makers lunchtime event<\/a>.\u00a0 Medical illustration combines the creative talents of artists and the medical and anatomical knowledge of doctors. \u00a0These combined skills are used to illustrate medical texts and teach new physicians, nurses, dentists, and other medical professionals the workings of the body.<\/p>\n

Historians date medical illustration back to the fourth or third century BC.\u00a0 Early attempts at medical illustration and drawing anatomy occurred under Hippocrates (460-370 BC), Herophilus (335-280 BC), and Galen (131-200 AD).\u00a0 However, it was during the Renaissance (14th<\/sup> \u2013 16th<\/sup> centuries) that art and medical illustration first began to flourish with Leonardo DaVinci (1452-1519) and Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564) leading the way.\u00a0 DaVinci, known today for his work as an artist, took an exceptional interest in anatomy.\u00a0 It is believed that he dissected over thirty cadavers to perfect his anatomical drawings and perfect the human form.\u00a0 Vesalius is widely viewed as the first medical illustrator with his work De humani corporis fabrica<\/em>, published in 1543.\u00a0 Vesallius\u2019 work was published in seven volumes and included works drawn from dissections, which prior to the Renaissance was uncommon.\u00a0 The Historical Collections of the HS\/HSL has the 1725 two volume Opera omnia anatomica et chirurgica<\/em><\/a> by Vesalius in our collections.\u00a0<\/p>\n

The Historical Collections Department in the HS\/HSL houses the library\u2019s rare books, special collections, and some UMB archives. \u00a0Included in the rare book collection are works by influential and early anatomists and medical illustrators.\u00a0 The collections date back to the 15th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 While the Historical Collections Department in the HS\/HSL remains open by appointment only due to the COVID-19 Pandemic, many items including books are available in digital format in the UMB Digital Archive<\/a>.\u00a0 This post highlights a selection of the medical illustrators in the digital archive and historical collections at UMB.\u00a0 Please note, some links lead to volumes digitized by other schools and repositories; these volumes are physically available in the HS\/HSL but decisions were made not to digitize our volumes because others were already easily accessible.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\"Images<\/a>

Illustrations from Galeni liborum septima classis, 1576. From the chapter titled de Fasciss (the dressing).<\/p><\/div>\n

Galen<\/strong><\/p>\n

Galeni librorum septima classis<\/em><\/a>, <\/em>1576<\/p>\n

Aelius Galenus or Claudius Galenus (129 AD \u2013 200\/216) better known simply as Galen, was a physician, surgeon, and philosopher.\u00a0 Galen was interested in anatomy but dissections of human bodies were not allowed by Roman law; therefore, he dissected animals, namely monkeys and pigs, to better understand anatomy.\u00a0 He remained a well-respected anatomist until Andreas Vesalius challenged his teachings by publishing drawings inspired by human dissections.\u00a0 In this volume, illustrations cover treatments for a wide range of injuries and illnesses from common dressing techniques to more elaborate mechanical creations. \u00a0This volume is published in Venice in Latin.<\/p>\n

Click on the link to see other works by Galen<\/a> in our collection.<\/p>\n

\"Illustration<\/a>

Table 30 titled, de uteri collo majore, from Bartholin’s, Anatomia published first in 1611 and republished in 1651<\/p><\/div>\n

Caspar & Thomas Bartholin<\/strong><\/p>\n

Anatomia, ex Caspari Bartolini<\/em><\/a>\u2026<\/em>, 1651<\/p>\n

Anatomia <\/em>is a volume published by Thomas Bartholin.\u00a0 It is a revised version of his father, Caspar Bartholin\u2019s (1585-1629), book of anatomy.\u00a0 The first volume of Anatomia<\/em> was first published by Caspar Bartholin in 1611.\u00a0 After its reprinting by Thomas Bartholin (1616-1680), Anatomia<\/em> became a respected and well-cited authority on anatomy.\u00a0 The Bartholin\u2019s were from Denmark.\u00a0 Thomas was physician, mathematician, and theologian.\u00a0 He discovered the lymphatic system in humans. Anatomia <\/em>was \u00a0published in the Netherlands in Latin.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\"Illustration<\/a>

Table 25 in Bartolomeo Eustachi’s Tabulae anatomicae.<\/p><\/div>\n

Bartholomeo Eustachi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tabulae anatomicae<\/em><\/a>, <\/em>1722<\/p>\n

Bartholomeo Eustachi (1500\/1510 \u2013 1574) was an Italian anatomist, who together with Andreas Vesalius is credited with founding the science of human anatomy. Eustachi was the first person to describe the anatomy of the teeth and discovered the adrenal glands. His anatomical drawings were completed after Vesalius\u2019 influential.\u00a0 Tabulae anatomicae <\/em>was first published in 1714 by Giovanni Maria Lancisi and paid for by Pope Clement XI. Note, the volume was not published during Eustachi\u2019s lifetime but is composed of his anatomical engravings.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Illustrations from Frederik Ruysch’s Opera Omnia…Vol 3 & 4. These illustrations depict Ruysch’s methods of embalming and his creation of diaromas for his museum.<\/p><\/div>\n

Frederik Ruysch<\/strong><\/p>\n

Opera omnia anatomico-medico-chirurgica <\/em>Vol 1-2<\/em><\/a> & <\/em>Vol 3-4<\/em><\/a>, <\/em>1721 & 1733<\/p>\n

Frederik Ruysch (1638-1731) was a Dutch botanist and anatomist.\u00a0 His illustrations showcase his technique for preserving specimens either through embalming techniques or drying and then displaying them in dioramas or imaginative scenes. \u00a0The volumes in the HS\/HSL include both anatomical drawings in addition to his dioramas and illustrations of specimens.\u00a0 Ruysch maintained his own museum within his residence, which was well known and visited by individuals from around the world.\u00a0 He was the first to discover Hirschsprung\u2019s disease.\u00a0 These volumes were published in Latin in Amsterdam.<\/p>\n

\"Illustration<\/a>

The 56th Table from William Cowper’s Anatomy. Originally illustrated by Govard Bidloo.<\/p><\/div>\n

William Cowper<\/strong><\/p>\n

The anatomy of humane bodies<\/em><\/a>, <\/em>1737, second edition<\/p>\n

The Anatomy of Humane Bodies <\/em>was published by William Cowper (1666-1709) and Christiaan Bernard Albinus in 1698 after after purchasing extra copies of Govard Bidloo\u2019s plates from his publisher.\u00a0 Cowper wrote the text for the volume but published the plates without acknowledging Bidloo, which caused a conflict between the two men.\u00a0 The plates are considered \u201cmasterpieces of Dutch Baroque art.\u201d \u00a0Cowper\u2019s reputation grew immensely from the publication of this book.\u00a0 It should be noted that copyright was not a concern during this time, there was no legal repercussions for this act.\u00a0 Instead the two men published several accusatory pamphlets in their defense.<\/p>\n

William Cowper was an English surgeon and anatomist.\u00a0 He was a member of the Royal Society.\u00a0 The Cowper\u2019s gland was named after him because he was the first to describe it.<\/p>\n

\"Illustration<\/a>

Plate III from Heister’s Compendium exhibiting images of gall bladders<\/p><\/div>\n

Lorenz Heister<\/strong><\/p>\n

A compendium of anatomy<\/em><\/a>, <\/em>1752, Translated from Latin<\/p>\n

This volume of anatomy was compiled by Dr. Lorenz Heister (1683-1758) and translated from its original Latin.\u00a0 Heister was a German anatomist, surgeon, and botanist.\u00a0 He was a Fellow of the Royal Society and taught anatomy and surgery at the Universities of Altdorf and Helmstedt. Compendium was published first in 1721 and had 10 editions.\u00a0 This volume was published in London.<\/p>\n

\"Illustration<\/a>

Illustration from William Cheselden’s Anatomy of the Human Body, shows the male torso.<\/p><\/div>\n

William Cheselden<\/strong><\/p>\n

The anatomy of the human body<\/em><\/a>, 1792, 13th<\/sup> edition<\/p>\n

The first edition of William Cheselden\u2019s (1688-1752) Anatomy<\/em> was published in 1713; the 13th<\/sup> edition is the last printing of this essential work.\u00a0 The volume was especially popular because it was published in English rather than Latin, making it more accessible to a larger audience.\u00a0 Cheselden was a surgeon and taught both anatomy and surgery; he was a Fellow of the Royal Society of London.\u00a0 In addition to his Anatomy<\/em>, Cheselden published Osteographia of the Anatomy of Bones <\/em>(1733), the first volume to accurately describe a human\u2019s skeletal system.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\"Illustration<\/a>

Carter’s illustration of the Veins of the Head and Neck from Anatomy, descriptive and surgical, 1866.<\/p><\/div>\n

Henry Gray and Henry Vandyke Carter<\/strong><\/p>\n

Anatomy, descriptive and surgical<\/em><\/a>, <\/em>1866, second American edition<\/p>\n

Better known as Gray\u2019s Anatomy, this pivotal work is still used and cited today.\u00a0 The volume was first published by Dr. Henry Gray (1821-1867) with illustrations by Dr. H. V. Carter in 1858.\u00a0 Today it\u2019s in its 41st edition.\u00a0 Together Drs. Gray and Carter sought to create an affordable anatomy textbook for medical students.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Dr. Henry Gray was an anatomist and surgeon from Great Britain.\u00a0 He was a Fellow of the Royal Society.\u00a0 Dr. Gray and Dr. Henry Vandyke Carter (1831-1897) were friends.\u00a0 Dr. Carter was also an anatomist and surgeon in Great Britain.\u00a0 He was also an anatomical artist.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

On October 6, 2020 the HS\/HSL is hosting medical illustrator, Lydia Gregg, for a Meet the Makers lunchtime event.\u00a0 Medical illustration combines the creative talents of artists and the medical and anatomical knowledge of doctors. \u00a0These combined skills are used to illustrate medical texts and teach new physicians, nurses, dentists, and other medical professionals the workings of the body. Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":4358,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17,94],"tags":[31,259,257,260,256,264,265,95,262,254,255,258,279,261],"class_list":["post-4355","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-events","category-historical-collections","tag-anatomy","tag-bartholomeo-eustachi","tag-caspar-bartholin","tag-frederik-ruysch","tag-galen","tag-henry-gray","tag-henry-vandyke-carter","tag-historical-collections","tag-lorenz-heister","tag-medical-illustration","tag-medical-illustrators","tag-thomas-bartholin","tag-william-cheselden","tag-william-cowper"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www2.hshsl.umaryland.edu\/hslupdates\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4355"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www2.hshsl.umaryland.edu\/hslupdates\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www2.hshsl.umaryland.edu\/hslupdates\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www2.hshsl.umaryland.edu\/hslupdates\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/14"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www2.hshsl.umaryland.edu\/hslupdates\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4355"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/www2.hshsl.umaryland.edu\/hslupdates\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4355\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4435,"href":"https:\/\/www2.hshsl.umaryland.edu\/hslupdates\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4355\/revisions\/4435"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www2.hshsl.umaryland.edu\/hslupdates\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/4358"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www2.hshsl.umaryland.edu\/hslupdates\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4355"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www2.hshsl.umaryland.edu\/hslupdates\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4355"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www2.hshsl.umaryland.edu\/hslupdates\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4355"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}