Courses

Genomics and Proteomics introduces students to the basic organization of human cells and the molecular machinery involved in regulating cellular functions. The course covers aspects of DNA replication, transcription, and translation of genetic information, protein processing and transport, receptors, signal transduction and second messenger systems. The genomic and proteomic information will be used to evaluate targeted drug development programs and to evaluate therapeutic outcomes and decisions.

Physical and Pharmaceutical Chemistry addresses the basic chemical principles that form a foundation for applied pharmaceutical sciences and pharmacy practice. This course requires students to assess properties of chemical entities and predict their behavior in various physical and biological systems related to drug formulation and delivery. The properties of solubility and stability are applied to dosage form design and drug absorption and distribution. The topics discussed include thermodynamics, interfacial properties, solid, semi-solid and liquid formulations, drug release, diffusion and transport and biopharmaceutical applications.

The abilities lab is a series of courses that occur during the fall and spring terms during years one through three of the curriculum. The purpose of the abilities lab is to assist student pharmacists in achieving proficiency in professional abilities, through the integration of knowledge, skills, behaviors, and values in order to function as an independent pharmacy practitioner in a variety of health care environments. The sequence requires the integration of didactic and experiential content across the first three years of the curriculum. This course specifically focuses on community pharmacy dispensing, patient counseling, intravenous admixture and aseptic technique, patient interview skills, drug information resources, vital sign collection, and laws and requirements related to the practice of pharmacy.

This course prepares students for the systematic study of pharmacology by providing a firm understanding of the fundamental principles of drug action from the chemical, biochemical, and molecular basis to functional or integrative aspects in in vitro and in in vivo systems. Topics such as dose-response; receptor theory; receptor transduction mechanisms; pharmacologic selectivity; absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion; drug tolerance, resistance and dependence; pharmacogenetics; and toxicology are discussed at the in vitro molecular and cellular level to the in vivo level in animals and humans. This course will help students to utilize published investigations in the classical and current literature in their future studies and in future practice. These investigations will have used principles of drug action to identify the mechanism of action of a therapeutic or toxic agent, the provision of rational drug therapy, or the avoidance or treatment of a serious drug-induced toxicity. This course will develop students’ skills to evaluate drug therapy from a mechanistic and pharmacologic perspective with the ultimate goal of providing the most appropriate medication regimen for individual patients.

Biochemistry builds on the principles of biology and chemistry with a systematic consideration of the chemical components and requirements of living systems at the molecular level to the cellular level. These fundamentals of biochemical structure, function and energetics provide a platform for the comprehension of pharmaceutical biotechnology and for understanding determinants of disease, the pathobiochemistry of organ systems, mechanisms of drug action and adverse reactions, novel drug delivery systems, bioinformatics. Particular attention is paid to the application of biochemical concepts to issues that form a foundation for pharmacy practice.

The abilities lab is a series of courses that occur during the fall and spring terms during years one through three of the curriculum. The purpose of the abilities lab is to assist student pharmacists in achieving proficiency in professional abilities, through the integration of knowledge, skills, behaviors, and values in order to function as an independent pharmacy practitioner in a variety of health care environments. The sequence requires the integration of didactic and experiential content across the first three years of the curriculum. This course continues to build competency in the abilities previously learned in PHAR 505 (medication preparation and dispensing, patient counseling, patient interviews, drug information, vital signs) and introduces the new abilities of documentation (SOAP notes), parenteral medication administration (intramuscular and subcutaneous injections), physical examination (foot and lung), and professional oral presentations .

The purpose of this course is to provide pharmacy students with the basic foundation to understand the intricate and complex realm of health care delivery within the context of the healthcare system. The course provides a multidisciplinary view of the role of pharmacy and pharmacists in the context of the US health care system through an examination of the social, legal, economic, public health, professional and patient care implications of pharmacy practice. A comparison of the US and international health system is also introduced, in order to provide some perspective on the topic to the students. The lecture topics for this course reveal the interplay between the profession of pharmacy and the US health care delivery system. Students actively develop a contemporary definition of health care and critically examine the health care system with special emphasis on relevant legislation, traditional and nontraditional providers of health care, the organization and financing of health care delivery, and the dynamics of pharmaceutical care within the system. The social, legal, and professional implications of informatics and computer proliferation in our society are discussed with special emphasis on pharmacy practice and the role of the pharmacist.

The Immunology course is a required course designed to provide fundamental knowledge of the immune response. This course introduces the concepts of natural and acquired protective mechanisms against pathogens and disease. Principles of immunology will be applied to various clinical topics. These topics consist of immunodeficiencies, autoimmune disorders, hypersensitivity reactions, vaccination, organ transplantation, and immunotherapy in the treatment of cancer.

Pathophysiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics 1 provides foundational information on a general approach to assessment and interpretation of patient data and introductory topics in pathophysiology, pharmacology, and therapeutics. This first PP&T course introduces the students to an organized framework for making therapeutic decisions that integrate basic and clinical sciences, specifically focusing on processes and concepts which will be utilized throughout the sequence. The topics that are covered include concepts of general patient management, inflammation, pain, fever, prostaglandins and autacoids.

Pathophysiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2 introduces the student to the autonomic nervous system, the systems it controls and the significance of laboratory testing as well as specific disease states. Students will begin to integrate pathologic mechanisms, the relationship of these mechanisms to subjective and objective findings, disease progression, and potential targets of treatment. They will utilize basic and clinical sciences and an organized framework for making therapeutic decisions to approach ophthalmologic, hematologic, acid-base and electrolytes, nutrition, dermatologic, and genitourinary disorders.

Pathophysiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics 3 continues the system based approach to understanding pathologic mechanisms, the relationship of these mechanisms to subjective and objective findings, disease progression, and potential targets of treatment. This course reinforces the integration of the basic and clinical sciences in therapeutic decision making. Topics covered include respiratory, and gastrointestinal.

Medicinal Chemistry I and II build on the principles of physical and pharmaceutical chemistry by examining structure-activity relationships and chemical characteristics that affect drug use. The course covers a variety of drug targets, natural products, methods for improving drug activity and the principles of rational drug design and characteristics such as solubility, stability and metabolism.

The best new chemical entity in the world is of no benefit to a patient without an acceptable delivery system for it. Pharmaceutics applies fundamental principles and basic science knowledge to the multidimensional problems of the formulation, development, evaluation, production, distribution, selection and administration of safe, effective, reliable, drug delivery systems. These systems range in sophistication from oral solutions to bioerodible implants and other forms of controlled drug delivery. Lectures are supplemented with laboratory based exercises and case-based active learning that emphasize a problem-solving approach aimed at exploring critical aspects of traditional and novel routes of administration. Overall the course aims to bridge the gap between fundamental principles of drug delivery and the problems encountered by pharmacists in practice, research and development.

The abilities lab is a series of courses that occur during the fall and spring terms during years one through three of the curriculum. The purpose of the abilities lab course is to assist student pharmacists in achieving proficiency in professional abilities, through the integration of knowledge, skills, behaviors, and values in order to function as an independent pharmacy practitioner in a variety of health care environments. The sequence requires the integration of didactic and experiential content across the first three years of the curriculum. This semester focuses on institutional practice. We will have exercises related to medication order verification, the electronic health record, automated dispensing systems, IV preparation, medication reconciliation, drug information, medication errors, medication adverse events, pharmacokinetics, point of care testing, home diagnostic products, and home infusion devices.

Medicinal Chemistry 1 and 2 build on the principles of physical and pharmaceutical chemistry by examining structure-activity relationships and chemical characteristics that affect drug use. The course covers a variety of drug targets, natural products, methods for improving drug activity and the principles of rational drug design and characteristics such as solubility, stability and metabolism.

Presents a comprehensive study of the concepts and methods of epidemiology with a special focus on clinical epidemiology. Topics include epidemiologic terminology, the classification of statistical associations, methods of distinguishing between causal and non-causal associations, and the concepts, tools, and application of evidence-based medicine. Study designs used in epidemiology; case-control, cohort, experimental studies, and meta-analyses, are considered in detail. This knowledge is critical to be able to evaluate, interpret, and apply research findings to pharmaceutical care (evidence-based medicine) and the health of the community (public health).

This course also serves as a foundations course for the PharmD/MPH program.

The Abilities Lab is a series of courses that occur during the fall and spring terms during years one through three of the curriculum. The purpose of the Abilities Lab is to assist student pharmacists in achieving proficiency in professional abilities, through the integration of knowledge, skills, behaviors, and values in order to function as an independent pharmacy practitioner in a variety of health care environments. The sequence requires the integration of didactic and experiential content across the first three years of the curriculum. This course specifically focuses on community pharmacy including workflow, automation, dispensing, immunization technique, patient counseling, SOAP note development, drug information, patient assessment and patient education.

Pathophysiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics 4, 5 and 6 continue the system based approach to understanding pathologic mechanisms, the relationship of these mechanisms to subjective and objective findings, disease progression, and potential targets of treatment. This course reinforces the integration of the basic and clinical sciences in therapeutic decision making. The topics covered in PP&T 4 include renal and certain cardiovascular diseases.

Pathophysiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics 4, 5 and 6 continue the system based approach to understanding pathologic mechanisms, the relationship of these mechanisms to subjective and objective findings, disease progression, and potential targets of treatment. This course reinforces the integration of the basic and clinical sciences in therapeutic decision making. PP&T 5 covers cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

Pathophysiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics 4, 5 and 6 continue the system based approach to understanding pathologic mechanisms, the relationship of these mechanisms to subjective and objective findings, disease progression, and potential targets of treatment. This course reinforces the integration of the basic and clinical sciences in therapeutic decision making. Topics covered in PP&T 6 include oncologic, autoimmune, and bone and joint disorders.

Pharmacokinetics is the science that deals with what the body does to the drug or biologic. The course trains students on applying pharmacokinetic principles to guide dosing strategy decisions in a clinic or when filling prescriptions. Students will understand the key factors that determine the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs and how they affect dosing regimen decisions. Pharmacokinetics requires critical thinking to support clinical decisions; and it is not about number-crunching.

The abilities lab is a series of courses that occur during the fall and spring terms during years one through three of the curriculum. The purpose of the abilities lab is to assist student pharmacists in achieving proficiency in professional abilities, through the integration of knowledge, skills, behaviors, and values in order to function as an independent pharmacy practitioner in a variety of health care environments. The sequence requires the integration of didactic and experiential content across the first three years of the curriculum.

Pathophysiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics 7,8,9 continues the system-based approach to understanding pathologic mechanisms, the relationship of these mechanisms to subjective and objective findings, disease progression, and potential targets of treatment. This course reinforces the integration of the basic and clinical sciences in therapeutic decision making. The topics covered in PP&T 7 include endocrine disorders and women’s health.

Pathophysiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics 7,8,9 continues the system-based approach to understanding pathologic mechanisms, the relationship of these mechanisms to subjective and objective findings, disease progression, and potential targets of treatment. This course reinforces the integration of the basic and clinical sciences in therapeutic decision making. PP&T 8 covers neurologic disorders and general toxicology.

Pathophysiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics 7,8,9 continues the system-based approach to understanding pathologic mechanisms, the relationship of these mechanisms to subjective and objective findings, disease progression, and potential targets of treatment. This course reinforces the integration of the basic and clinical sciences in therapeutic decision making. Topics covered in PP&T 9 include mental health disorders.

Abilities lab 6 builds on didactic and experiential content across the first three years of the curriculum. This course is designed to prepare student pharmacists in developing and achieving proficiency in professional competencies, with a primary emphasis on complex patient care, communication and application of sciences.

The Pharmacotherapy course will prepare students to build on the knowledge and skills obtained in the prerequisite course sequences. The major focus of the course will be managing drug therapies in patients with multiple disease states/conditions who require complex drug decision-making. Students will be expected to perform discriminating data collection and analysis at an advanced level. Using their understanding of pathophysiology they will then make independent therapeutic decisions. After making an initial therapeutic decision, students will make recommendations for drug therapy monitoring and evaluation. Revisions of the original therapeutic plan may be made as necessary.

The Pharmacotherapy course will prepare students to build on the knowledge and skills obtained in the prerequisite course sequences. The major focus of the course will be managing drug therapies in patients with multiple disease states/conditions who require complex drug decision-making. Students will be expected to perform discriminating data collection and analysis at an advanced level. Using their understanding of pathophysiology they will then make independent therapeutic decisions. After making an initial therapeutic decision, students will make recommendations for drug therapy monitoring and evaluation. Revisions of the original therapeutic plan may be made as necessary.

This course involves an examination of the legal and regulatory issues pertaining to drugs and devices and the practice of pharmacy. Students will learn the various laws and regulations which will govern their usual daily activities in a variety of practice sites. The principal focus will be on drug laws and regulations.

General patient management provides foundational information on a general approach to assessment and interpretation of patient subjective and objective data. This course introduces the students to the Therapeutic Experiment, an organized framework for making therapeutic decisions that integrate basic and clinical sciences. The topics that are covered include concepts of general patient management, clinical chemistry, and therapeutics of selected gastrointestinal disorders.

Applied Sciences and Therapeutics 1 introduces students to the integration of pathologic mechanisms, the relationship of these mechanisms to subjective and objective findings, disease progression, and potential targets of treatment. They will utilize basic and clinical sciences and the Therapeutic Experiment for making therapeutic decisions to approach patient care. Students will explore population-based health considerations for disease states, including health promotion, disease prevention, and public health. Topics include hematology, dermatology, inflammatory GI disease, and respiratory disorders.

Applied Sciences and Therapeutics 2 continues to introduce students to the integration of pathologic mechanisms, the relationship of these mechanisms to subjective and objective findings, disease progression, and potential targets of treatment. They will utilize basic and clinical sciences and the Therapeutic Experiment for making therapeutic decisions to approach patient care. Students will explore population-based health considerations for disease states, including health promotion, disease prevention, and public health. Topics include nutrition, pain, and oncology disorders.

Applied Sciences and Therapeutics 3 introduces students to the integration of pathologic mechanisms, the relationship of these mechanisms to subjective and objective findings, disease progression, and potential targets of treatment. They will utilize basic and clinical sciences and the Therapeutic Experiment for making therapeutic decisions to approach patient care. Students will explore population-based health considerations for disease states, including health promotion, disease prevention, and public health. Topics include autoimmune disorders and bone and joint disorders.

Applied Sciences and Therapeutics 4 continues to introduce students to the integration of pathologic mechanisms, the relationship of these mechanisms to subjective and objective findings, disease progression, and potential targets of treatment. They will utilize basic and clinical sciences and the Therapeutic Experiment for making therapeutic decisions to approach patient care. Students will explore population-based health considerations for disease states, including health promotion, disease prevention, and public health. Topics include renal and hepatic disorders.

Applied Sciences and Therapeutics 5 continues to introduce students to the integration of pathologic mechanisms, the relationship of these mechanisms to subjective and objective findings, disease progression, and potential targets of treatment. They will utilize basic and clinical sciences and the Therapeutic Experiment for making therapeutic decisions to approach patient care. Students will explore population-based health considerations for disease states, including health promotion, disease prevention, and public health. Topics include cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

Applied Sciences and Therapeutics (AST) introduces students to integrate pathologic mechanisms, the relationship of these mechanisms to subjective and objective findings, disease progression, and potential targets of treatment. They will utilize basic and clinical sciences and the Therapeutic Experiment for making therapeutic decisions to approach patient care. Students will explore population-based health considerations for disease states, including health promotion, disease prevention, and public health. AST 6: Topics include endocrine, genitourinary, and women’s health disorders.

Applied Sciences and Therapeutics (AST) introduces students to integrate pathologic mechanisms, the relationship of these mechanisms to subjective and objective findings, disease progression, and potential targets of treatment. They will utilize basic and clinical sciences and the Therapeutic Experiment for making therapeutic decisions to approach patient care. Students will explore population-based health considerations for disease states, including health promotion, disease prevention, and public health. AST 7: Topics include mental health and toxicology.

Applied Sciences and Therapeutics (AST) introduces students to integrate pathologic mechanisms, the relationship of these mechanisms to subjective and objective findings, disease progression, and potential targets of treatment. They will utilize basic and clinical sciences and the Therapeutic Experiment for making therapeutic decisions to approach patient care. Students will explore population-based health considerations for disease states, including health promotion, disease prevention, and public health. AST 8: Topics include substance use disorders and neurologic disorders.

The purpose of this course is to teach students how to identify, evaluate, and apply science- and health-related literature according to the principles of evidence-based practice. The course will introduce research design and statistical methods to allow students to accurately and effectively interpret study findings. Research designs discussed will include descriptive studies, observational studies, experimental studies, and systematic reviews. Students will learn to appraise literature and apply the evidence to a patient care situation or population of interest.

This course introduces students to the mechanisms and policies of health care delivery in the US and examines the social, legal, economic, public health, professional and patient care implications on pharmacy practice. A comparison of the US and international healthcare systems is also introduced, in order to provide perspective on models of healthcare delivery. Current topics are emphasized to best prepare students for their roles as healthcare professionals within a dynamic and constantly evolving US healthcare system.

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This course is designed to familiarize students with the principles of pharmacoepidemiology and pharmacoeconomics, building on previous courses within the PharmD curriculum. Discussion will focus on the major areas of the evolving fields of pharmacoepidemiology and pharmacoeconomics with an emphasis on population-based assessment of health outcomes including prescription drug utilization and costs in large, diverse data sets. The course is aimed at helping students to understand how to evaluate, interpret, and apply observational research findings involving pharmaceutical treatment in community-based populations. The principles discussed and applied in this course will better prepare students to apply evidence-based findings to the care of individuals receiving pharmaceutical treatments.

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The Infectious Diseases Therapeutics 1 (IDT) course builds on the School of Pharmacy requisite course, Microbiology. This course is a required, 3 credit, didactic course, that focuses on the pharmacology of anti-infectives, medical microbiology of pathogenic microorganisms, and disease state management for infections. This course provides pharmacy students with the skills to assess patients presenting with an infection, identify appropriate anti-infective therapy, and the skills to monitor for both efficacy and toxicity.

The Infectious Diseases Therapeutics 2 (IDT) course builds on the School of Pharmacy requisite course, Microbiology as well as Infectious Diseases Therapeutics 1. This course is a required, 3 credit, didactic course, that focuses on the pharmacology of anti-infectives, medical microbiology of pathogenic microorganisms, and disease state management for infections. This course provides pharmacy students with the skills to assess patients presenting with an infection, identify appropriate anti-infective therapy, and the skills to monitor for both efficacy and toxicity.

PharmD Capstone: Professional Life After Graduation is designed to support a student’s licensure, transition into professional practice, and habits of continuing professional development (CPD). This is achieved through a year-long series of activities designed to inculcate precepts of self-directed life-long learning followed by on-line and in person, intensive review sessions, organized by body systems to prepare students for success on the NAPLEX.

Abilities lab 6 builds on didactic and experiential content across the first three years of the curriculum. This course is designed to prepare student pharmacists in developing and achieving proficiency in professional competencies, with a primary emphasis on complex patient care, communication and application of sciences.

This course allows students to engage in advanced discussions of oncology therapeutic topics and increase their knowledge about the etiology, clinical presentation, and management of various solid and hematological malignancies. Students will become more effective in identifying, preventing, and managing the complications related to cancer and cancer therapy. Course content expands and builds upon oncology topics covered in PHAR 551 and includes novel topics such as pediatric solid tumors, bone marrow transplantation, pancreatic cancer, and brain tumors. Therapeutic topics will be discussed with the use of patient cases. Students will participate in journal club and mock patient counseling sessions.

This course is designed to provide students in the health care professions (Medicine, Nursing, and Pharmacy) with a basic introduction to medication safety. Students will learn key strategies related to identifying, reporting, managing, and preventing medication errors, as well as current legislative and professional issues. Specific strategies, such as Root Cause Analysis, will be discussed.

This 3-credit course introduces PharmD students to the basic concepts of marketing and how they apply to major segments of the pharmaceutical/healthcare industry. Content related to key concepts, including consumer behavior, marketing strategies, market segmentation, and development of marketing plans, will be discussed during faculty presentations and will be reinforced in case studies and group projects.

This course will allow student pharmacists to explore and evaluate areas of management responsibilities in the community pharmacy setting. The areas of emphasis include financial, human resources and operational aspects of community pharmacy management. This course utilizes primarily external lecturers with a particular area of expertise in community pharmacy management.

Using a combination of lectures, problem‐solving workshops and skill‐building laboratories, this course teaches the appropriate extemporaneous compounding of drug preparations in pharmacies. Compounding is an integral part of pharmacy and can be essential to the provision of pharmaceutical care. It can be as simple as adding a liquid to a manufactured drug powder which has been formulated to produce a suspension, or as complex as the extemporaneous creation of a unique preparation from an active ingredient and added substances.

Diabetes mellitus is a pervasive chronic illness affecting over 23 million people in the United States. This on-line three credit didactic elective is taught by a wide range of multidisciplinary practitioners from the diabetes field. Students successfully completing this elective will have the knowledge and basic skill set to begin practicing diabetes management in the clinic. Course content is divided into 2 modules, taught via narrated video lectures, with active learning experiences throughout. Additionally, students will participate in two in-person case discussion sessions.

Case Based Management of Infectious Diseases provides a forum for students to discuss the clinical decisions made in the management of selected patients with infectious diseases. Students are expected to prepare for these classes by reviewing current literature and guidelines, as well as playing the role as discussion facilitators in assigned classes. The discussion of the cases focus on the major decisions made in clinical management and the literature supporting or rejecting them. Discussions also highlight the important aspects of pathophysiology, microbiology and standard of care. A significant amount of self-directed activity, with faculty mentorship, is required for this course.

This is a five-day interdisciplinary course open to all University of Maryland students during the winter minimester in January. The course presents a wide range of information on the health and well-being of older adults and those with advanced illness through clinical, research, and policy presentations. Course content will be conveyed through lectures, panel discussions, team and case presentations, role play, and videos.

This course is a series of activities and case based discussions about geriatric pharmacotherapy for health care professional students. Students will learn to comprehensively assess an older adult’s medication regimen and health status based on physiologic age-related changes and changes in drug disposition. Students will use clinical practice guidelines and primary literature to develop appropriate treatment strategies for older adults with multiple co-morbidities.

This course prepares student pharmacists to provide community drug abuse education lectures to middle and high school audiences through the Student Committee on Drug Abuse Education (SCODAE), a volunteer student organization at the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy. The organization receives guidance from faculty members at the school. The SCODAE presentations provide accurate and unbiased drug and alcohol information as part of the middle or high school’s comprehensive drug abuse prevention efforts. Upon completion of the course, participants are required to teach in at least one SCODAE program in subsequent semesters.

Comprehensive pediatric care is a two-credit course offered in the fall semester for third year students in the entry-level Doctor of Pharmacy Program. This elective course is designed to prepare students to optimize medicine use in pediatric patients in the ambulatory or institutional setting. The course will cover cognitive and physiological development, psychosocial factors affecting medicine use, pharmacist role, regulatory issues, and pediatric pharmacotherapy for various disease states.

The Drug Induced Disorder course will prepare students to build on the knowledge and skills obtained in the prerequisite course sequences by utilizing the information to focus on managing or preventing drug induced disorders or drug-drug interactions. The course will use highly interactive student-centered problem based case discussions, lectures, and student team exercises to explore the most appropriate interventions for prevention, detection and management of drug induced diseases and drug interactions. Emphasis will be placed on the role of the pharmacist as a proactive practitioner in minimizing morbidity and mortality from drug induced diseases.

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Pharmacovigilance (PV) is the detection and evaluation of adverse drug events or adverse reactions to marketed pharmaceutical products. These events/reactions are typically the less common but severe effects of regulated pharmaceutical products, which are not detected during premarketing clinical trials. Companies are required to monitor the products which they sponsor and report certain events and their evaluation of these events to the FDA. Pharmacists are often sought to work in pharmacovigilance because of their expertise in drug effects and their clinical training. The highly specialized nature of this field also requires an understanding of adverse events and regulatory sciences. The purpose of this elective is to introduce the regulation of pharmaceutical products and within that the field of pharmacovigilance and how it is practiced within industry, the federal government, pharmacy practice, and research.

Interindividual variability in drug effects and the lack of reliable prediction of this variability has been recognized as major barriers to safe and efficient therapeutics. Genetic makeup is one of the intricate factors that has substantial influence on drug efficacy or toxicity. Pharmacogenomics deals with hereditary and effects on drug response. It combines traditional pharmaceutical sciences with contemporary knowledge of genes, proteins and SNPs. This course focuses on the pharmacogenetics of major drug metabolism related genes, such as cytochrome P450 (e.g. CYP2D6, CYP2Cs, and CYP2B6), phase II conjugates (e.g. UGTs, NATs, and GSTs), and drug transporters (e.g. MDR1, MRPs, and BCRP). The content will also cover basic concepts of pharmacogenomics, the promise of personalized medicine, interethnic differences in drug response, and perspectives from clinical practice and regulatory agency. The objective of this course is to enable the student to understand basic pharmacogenomic principles, and their potential use for developing better and safer drugs. Currently, there are increasing numbers of Schools of Pharmacy offering pharmacogenetics/pharmacogenomics as a standalone course. Acquiring knowledge in this evolving field complements the mission of pharmaceutical care.

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Medical Spanish will be offered to students with previous knowledge of the Spanish language to allow them to develop the basic skills and vocabulary necessary to provide counseling to Spanish speaking patients. In addition to developing medical vocabulary, discussions surrounding cultural competence, relative to Hispanic culture, will be paramount to ensure students are effective in counseling Spanish speaking patients.

Pharmacy school can be a challenge, even to those students who performed well in undergraduate coursework. In this class, students will assess their learning style including motivations and barriers, define the skills necessary to be academically successful in the Doctor of Pharmacy program, and implement these skills individually and in collaborative learning communities (study groups). This course is open to all P1 students.

This inter-professional course provides in-depth exposure to and experience with aspects of care for the critically ill patient by utilizing simulation and case-based learning while working within and maximizing strengths of an inter-professional team. The course fosters enhanced assessment and prioritization of issues related to critically ill patients, as well as communication and application of clinical knowledge and skills across the disciplines. Furthermore, this course prepares students interested in acutely ill patients to recognize, categorize causes of, and recommend appropriate treatment and intervention for sudden deterioration. Students will also have the opportunity to enhance their understanding through assigned readings, exposure to acute care equipment and instrumentation building upon prior course work in pathopharmacology, medical surgical content, critical thinking and reasoning, prioritization, and time management skills facilitating exploration into inter-professional collaborative practice.

PHMY 539 is a DIDACTIC elective that may include self-study and gathering background information. The focus is learning a body of knowledge rather than building specific pharmacy practice skills, which may be a portion but not the entire focus of this experience.

The Pharmacotherapy Journal Club elective will prepare students to evaluate new drug-related information, and integrate this information with previously learned content. Students will attend and participate in the school’s Pharmacotherapy Journal Club, and reflect on the implications of the information provided as well as the application for future practice. Students will also develop skills as lifelong learners in the acquisition, interpretation and application of drug-related news by participating in the Pharmacist’s Letter journal club. Students will be expected to apply information about new drugs, drug news, drug-related adverse events and news about therapeutic updates during case sessions.

This course provides students the opportunity to observe and be involved in a clinically oriented pharmacy practice setting early in their education. Students learn about the Poison Center’s operation and resources and the potential for pharmacist participation in this area of patient care. The course consists of on‐line lectures, role playing and activities in the Maryland Poison Center. Students prepare a presentation and paper on a hospital‐managed overdose patient.

This elective course is intended for pharmacy educators, residents, and students who wish to enhance their knowledge regarding instructional design and methods. Individuals who are interested in careers in academia, the professional development industry, or formal patient education programs are encouraged to take this course.

This elective course will explore a broad overview of ambulatory care pharmacy practice including developing advanced skills in direct patient care, applying evidence-based medicine to therapeutic decisions, and examining practice models in ambulatory care environments.

Provide the students with an understanding of the recent progress in basic and clinical pharmacology research, from new concepts in Pharmacology to the new techniques and trends in Pharmacology.

This one credit course will combine basic scientific and clinical issues commonly encountered when working with drugs and an aging population. The interchange between clinicians and researchers is vital to the growth of new medications and treatments for older individuals. This course will discuss these issues and future implications.

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Clinical pharmacokinetics examines impact of disease states and special populations on the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs that require therapeutic drug monitoring. The course focuses on the mathematical relationship between drug concentrations and time as well as the rational design of drug regimens. The impact of patient-specific factors, the pharmacokinetic parameters of drugs and pharmacodynamics on drug dosing and administration is covered.

Pharmacotherapy of the Critically Ill Patients is an elective 2-credit live course open to third and fourth year pharmacy students who have completed the necessary prerequisites.

This elective course focuses on the unique considerations for a clinical pharmacist taking care of critically ill patients and prepares the student to understand principles of pharmacokinetics, physiology and pharmacotherapy essential to the management of the critically ill. During this course, lecturers will engage the students each week in an open discussion of patient cases in order to illustrate the topics and disease states they encounter on a daily basis in intensive care units. Students will also have the opportunity to enhance their understanding through background readings, evaluation of primary literature, visitation to an actual intensive care unit, and experimentation with critical care equipment and instrumentation. By the end of the course, students should be well-versed in the fundamental knowledge needed to prepare and monitor patient-specific pharmacotherapy plans in a variety of different critical care settings.

This course will focus on: 1) the application of economic theory and research to the pharmaceutical industry, 2) methods used for comparative effectiveness research (CER) and patient-centered outcomes research (PCOR) applied to pharmacoeconomics, and 3) the economic evaluation of prescription drugs and health technology assessment.

Students will focus on improving their patient counseling skills and will learn key information about the Top 120 prescribed medications in the U.S. The content will focus on information that needs to be communicated to patients concerning their therapy. Course content will reinforce what students have learned in other courses. In addition, students will become familiar with new product-specific material that has not been addressed in the curriculum. Periodic quizzes will assess student knowledge. The third floor OSCE Suite will also be used to videotape student as they counsel simulated patients and receive feedback about their strengths and weaknesses in patient counseling.

Through interactive discussions, video presentations, panel discussions, field trips, and student presentations. The student will gain familiarity with the following:

• history of the mental health system
• the media’s perception of mental illness
• tools and techniques used in the assessment of psychiatric diseases
• current guidelines for psychiatric hospitalization, including civil and criminal commitment
• mental health controversies with which the practicing pharmacist is likely to be faced

The clinical toxicology course will provide students with an overview of the clinical manifestations, assessment and treatment of poisonings with common drug, chemical, and biological agents. The format includes lectures by faculty members, case discussions led by students and a laboratory experience. Course evaluation includes the discussion sessions, the antidote laboratory and open book midterm and final exams. Note: This course is highly recommended as preparation for APPC 484 Poison Information Rotation.

This course prepares pharmacy students to interact with terminally ill patients through increased understanding of the social and psychological aspects of death and dying as well as pharmaceutical care approaches when dealing with terminally ill patients.

From a broad perspective, all health care professions need effective leadership, and in turn effective advocacy, to deal with the numerous issues facing the health care system. This two-credit elective is offered to provide leadership and political advocacy development for students, including the officers of student organizations and those who desire to become leaders in the profession. Students will examine leadership as they explore current health care issues and gain direct experience in the advocacy process and community action. To meet these needs, the goals of this course are to strengthen the leadership ability of students and to enhance their potential for future leadership and advocacy roles within their profession and in the community.

This course is intended for students who are exploring the possibility of residency program following graduation from the University of Maryland Doctor of Pharmacy program. Students who are interested in learning more about the selection, interview and application process as well as strategies that they can take to make themselves more marketable for a residency program are encouraged to take this course.
Please note we have no control over residency placement however this course can help strengthen your portfolio.

This course will allow student pharmacists to explore and evaluate areas of management responsibilities in the independent community pharmacy setting and to promote interest in independent community pharmacy ownership. The areas of emphasis include the establishment, operational, financial and marketing aspects of independent community pharmacy ownership and management. This course utilizes primarily external lecturers with a particular area of expertise in independent community pharmacy ownership and management, as well as, business and entrepreneurship experts.

This course is intended to develop the student’s critical thinking, basic principles and applications of managed care pharmacy practice. The topics will be introduced with didactic lectures, case studies, guest speakers, and active learning activities. This course will provide an overview of managed care pharmacy and an understanding of how managed care pharmacy impacts the healthcare system.

Acute Care: Adult Internal Medicine is an elective 2-credit live course open to third year pharmacy students who are interested in providing pharmaceutical care in an acute care setting. Providing patient care in this setting requires understanding of the level of acuity of patient needs, an appreciation of dynamic, collaborative hospital environment, and an ability to think on your feet by applying pharmacotherapeutic concepts to time-sensitive patient needs. This elective will provide students with additional practice reviewing relevant disease states, individualizing treatment regimens based on patient-related variables, and applying concepts to case-based scenarios. The skills emphasized in this course will strengthen students’ internal medicine skills in preparation of the required acute care advanced pharmacy practice experience.

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The goal of this rotation is to provide students advanced experience in a health system pharmacy setting. Students will be expected to utilize abilities learned previously in the curriculum in order to oversee drug distribution systems, evaluate and monitor drug therapy, respond to drug information inquiries, and educate other health professionals. This will be accomplished through a variety of oral and written communication techniques.

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The goal of this rotation is to provide students experience in a team-based acute care environment. Students will be expected to utilize skills learned previously in the curriculum in order to collect patient-specific information, evaluate and monitor drug therapy, educate patients or caregivers, respond to drug information inquiries, and function effectively as part of an interprofessional team. This will be accomplished through a variety of oral and written communication techniques.

The goal of this rotation is to provide students advanced experience in a community pharmacy setting. Students will be expected to utilize abilities learned previously in the curriculum in order to collect patient-specific information, evaluate and monitor drug therapy, educate patients or caregivers, and respond to drug information inquiries. This will be accomplished through a variety of oral and written communication techniques.

The goal of this rotation is to provide students experience in an ambulatory care environment. Students will be expected to utilize abilities learned previously in the curriculum in order to collect patient-specific information, evaluate and monitor drug therapy, educate patients or caregivers, and respond to drug information inquiries. This will be accomplished through a variety of oral and written communication techniques.

Pharmacists have had a positive impact on the development, implementation and growth of patient care services in a variety of pharmacy settings. This experiential course builds on the knowledge, skills, and abilities for student pharmacists to demonstrate commitment, professionalism and work on projects addressing an area of need in patient care. Student pharmacists will participate in a needs assessment, evaluate population-specific data, and develop potential interventions to address pharmacy practice issues.

The course introduces student pharmacists to the professional practice of pharmacy through an experiential learning activity and assignment. Career options are explored in traditional community or institutional pharmacy practices. The course also facilitates the initial integration of information and skills learned at School with pharmacy practice at an experiential learning site and sets the expectations for professionalism throughout experiential learning courses/rotations.

The goal of this experiential course is to introduce student pharmacists to the delivery of direct patient care services in institutional and community pharmacy settings. Students will be expected to utilize abilities learned previously in the curriculum to obtain relevant subjective and objective information from patients, caregivers and medical records, to review medication regimens and identify existing or potential medication related problems, and to develop monitoring plans. This will be accomplished through a series of patient interactions and follow-up telephone calls. The course will utilize topic discussions to more fully explore the concepts encountered during patient interactions.

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'Pharmacy, Drugs and the Health Care System' provides an examination of the principal components of the U.S. health care system with special emphasis on their relationship to the provision of drugs and pharmacy services. Students will learn about the structure and functioning of the U.S. health care system. Emphasis is placed upon analyzing issues associated with the accessibility, quality, continuity and cost of care and the way that health care is organized, financed, and regulated. The provision of drugs and pharmacy services is examined in the context of the health care enterprise as a whole.

This course covers medical sociology, psychology, social psychology, and interpersonal communication theories and research as they address medicine use and health-related behaviors involving patients, pharmacists, physicians, nurses, and other health care professionals. Students are acquainted with select health behavior theories and learn about research issues specific to the field of behavioral science.

This course focuses on: 1) programming tools and techniques for analyzing observational data using SAS, STATA and R; 2) best practices for storing, manipulating, and analyzing large datasets used in health outcomes studies; 3) programming commonly-used in statistical regression models for observational, non-randomized studies.

This course is designed to familiarize the student with economic structure, conduct and performance of the pharmaceutical industry and provide an introduction to pharmacoeconomics. The course includes such topics as prices and profits in the industry, productivity, cost, economies of scale, innovation, economic effects of regulation, cost benefit and cost effectiveness of pharmaceuticals and efficiency of drug delivery systems. Prerequisite: one undergraduate economics course or permission of the instructor.

This course provides an analysis of health as an economic good. Using microeconomic theories we will examine the behavior of health care providers, consumers, markets and firms. The underlying assumptions applicable to market economics are critically examined within the context of the health economy. Special problems of health economics are considered including assumptions of market competition, the demand and supply of medical care and health insurance, the role of government and equity.

This course focuses on: (1) advanced analytical methods used in comparative effectiveness research (CER) and pharmacoeconomics studies, (2) the identification and assessment of uncertainty in CER and pharmacoeconomic studies, and (3) the development of a statistical analysis plan for CER and pharmacoeconomics studies.

Health education is a scientific process designed to achieve voluntary behavioral changes to improve health status. Health promotion utilizes health education to promote health and prevent disease. The PRECEDE Model is used to demonstrate the analytical process to explore health problems, identify and assess the behavioral and non-behavioral factors associated with them in order to develop and evaluate interventions. This course addresses health education at the level of the individual, the family and the community at large. Because the relationship between practitioner and patient is often a major determinant of outcome, health promotion in the clinical setting is given emphasis. Cross-listed with PREV 650.

This course is designed to introduce the student to the concepts of scientific research in pharmacy practice and administrative science. Topics to be discussed include the scientific method and problem-solving processes, social science measurement, and several specific methods of research. Co-requisite: Introduction to Biostatistics

This course is designed to give research tools to design studies in the impact of pharmaceutical (or other) interventions or policies in actual practice settings. Unlike clinical trials where subjects are randomized to treatment or placebo arms, health services researchers typically are forced to use non-experimental designs with secondary data. This course will take you through the pitfalls in such designs and show you how to deal with them. Prerequisite: Research Methods I and an upper level graduate course in multiple regression.

This course is an introduction to the field of pharmacoepidemiology that uses quantitative research methods to examine questions of benefit or risk in regard to the use of marketed medications. The course is intended to offer useful techniques to medical and health researchers who wish to assess the utilization, effectiveness, and safety of marketed drug therapies. Prerequisite: Introduction to Biostatistics and Principles of Epidemiology. Cross-listed with PREV 705

This course provides an overview of comparative effectiveness and patient-centered outcomes research (CER/PCOR) covering a wide range of topics including history, definitions, and evolution of key terms. Additional topics include: identifying and engaging stakeholders; evidence-based medicine and health technology assessment; current policy issues; government and private sector roles and programs; PCORI, AHRQ, NIH, HHS, FDA, programs; CMS and private insurer uses; the role of cost/QALY; patient engagement and advocacy; evolving methods and standards resources; and methods and policy controversies.

This course provides an informative overview of healthcare quality improvement through an evaluation of quality and quality measures in varying aspects of healthcare and healthcare services.

Students are given the opportunity to work with a faculty member on individual and specialized projects/research. The project/research provides students direct experience of collection, organization, and analysis of data.

Graduate seminar is conducted weekly to inform students and faculty about new research and current issues. Each week there is a different presenter. The speaker may be a graduate student, postdoctoral fellow, resident, faculty member or guest speaker who presents a current topic in the educational or pharmaceutical field. Seminar attendance is mandatory for all graduate students while in residency.

The purpose of this course is to engage students in the application of advanced pharmacoepidemiologic methods by working through the research process. The faculty mentors help students to identify a feasible research project. Projects may be in the areas of drug utilization, drug safety, pharmacovigilance, or comparative effectiveness (CER). Faculty mentors lead students through the process of refining a study question, selecting an appropriate data source or population, measuring drug exposure/utilization and, where appropriate, identifying longitudinal statistical methods to assess secular trends, survival and time to event analyses, and the validity and assessment of health outcomes utilizing electronic databases. Students design and conduct an independent research project and prepare a manuscript. Class discussions focus on the design considerations, alternative methods, the regulatory science and clinical implications of their findings. This course is cross-listed as PREV 722. Prerequisites: PREV 600, PREV 620, and PHSR 704 or permission of the course manager.

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Pharmacometric projects require mastery of new and advanced tools to conduct modeling and simulation. Students are introduced to ‘Phoenix,’ ‘NONMEM’ and ‘R.’ Basic operations such as importing and restructuring data, performing summary statistical analysis, and plotting are taught. The goal, however, is not to provide the theory to interpret the data or the analysis output; other courses in Pharmacometrics program are designed to complement the tools training received in this course. This is a mandatory course to be taken in the first semester of the MS program.

Understanding pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) provide the pivotal basis for dosing and related decision-making during drug development and its use in clinic. This course provides training in the fundamentals of PK and PD modeling and their application to decision-making. Theoretical concepts pertaining to analyzing PKPD data, in an average subject, both from mechanistic and statistical points of view, are taught. The course also includes hands-on training using standard modeling and simulation software. This is a mandatory course to be taken in the first semester of the MS program.

Knowledge of conducting pharmacometrics analysis is an important component of the drug development and regulatory project. However, integrating all the different pieces together is equally important. This course guides students on the process of framing the appropriate questions, engineering the analysis, interpreting the results, and influencing the decision-making process in drug development. This course integrates the essence of all of the coursework in the program, and allows students to appreciate the totality of a typical pharmacometrics project that is essential for decisions regarding new drug development. Pre-Requisites: PHMX 602, 663

The field of pharmacometrics requires a sound understanding of statistical concepts. This course provides the basic statistical principles required for a pharmacometrician. This introductory level course strengthens the student's understanding of pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic modeling aspects. The course material is tailored for pharmacometricians. Pre-Requisites: PHMX 601

Knowledge of designing and analyzing dose-response is an important component of a drug development and of regulatory review. Basics of the variety of dose-response designs such as parallel, cross-over, flexible-dose, titration, withdrawal, adaptive and enrichment trials are explained. Students perform clinical trial simulations for supporting the choice of appropriate designs and analyses. Innovative designs and data analysis make characterizing dose-response feasible within the realms of drug development. The information generated from such trials is key for both approval of new drugs as well as for drug product labeling. Pre-Requisites: PHMX 601

This course improves students' ability to communicate strategically and to negotiate. Students will be able to identify their communication style and will learn how to compensate for any weaknesses. Scientists in life sciences need to work with interdisciplinary scientists with diverse backgrounds. In order to influence key decisions during drug development, regulatory review, or in clinics, pharmacometricians will need to communicate in a manner that is simple, persuasive, and effective. Scientists will need to master effective negotiations amid diverse opinions to lead a team towards consensus, particularly when they may lack the formal authority to implement solutions.

Conducting population analyses and interpreting complex datasets is pivotal for several decisions, such as "go-no-go" dose selection for various patients. This course presents theoretical concepts pertaining to analyzing PKPD data (collected from several subjects) from the mechanistic and statistical points of view. Because data from several subjects are analyzed simultaneously, the course includes advanced modeling techniques such as nonlinear mixed effects modeling. Further, advanced modeling such as physiologically-based PK modeling and absorption-metabolism simulations are introduced. This course also includes hands-on training in standard modeling and simulation software. Pre-Requisites: PHMX 638, 663

Understanding clinical trial data with binary, ordinal, count, and time-to-event outcomes requires specific understanding of statistical concepts. This intermediate level course introduces application of statistical techniques such as logistic regression, Poisson regression, and survival analysis. This course also demonstrates simulation techniques associated with discontinuous outcomes. ‘R’ software is used to demonstrate the application of statistical aspects. Simulated and real data from experiments and clinical trials will be employed for practice and homework. Pre-Requisites: PHMX 638, 663

This online course is designed to orient students of diverse professional backgrounds to several practical elements that underpin drug, biologic, and device regulation in the US and around the world. It provides the core for the curriculum and is a pre-requisite for all other courses. Elements that are explored are the legal framework for drug regulation, including events that have shaped today's framework; ethical issues in drug/biologic/device development and drug/biologic/device use; global regulatory guidance approaches; types of communications with Food and Drug Administration (FDA), including Investigational New Drug (IND) application, New Drug Application (NDA), and Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA) requirements, and 510(k) clearance and Premarket Approvals / Biologics Licensing Applications (PMA/BLA) approval requirements; chemistry, manufacturing, and control (CMC) issues; and post-marketing topics.

Pharmaceutical sciences are fundamental to the discovery of new medicines and impact the clinical success in treating disease. This online course is designed to orient students from diverse professional backgrounds on the basics of drug/biologics discovery, drug/biologics chemistry and functional groups, medicinal chemistry approaches to optimizing drug action, principles of pharmacology, biological and target considerations in drug and biologics design, issues of drug resistance, and how drugs and biologics are metabolized and eliminated from the body.

Well-designed clinical research is essential in the development process of a medication or device and in generation of the knowledge base for evidence-based medicine and health policy. This online course is designed to uncover the ingredients of clinical research and to orient students of several important issues with current clinical studies. The students will learn how to design and implement different clinical studies. The role of each clinical phase in drug/device development and their various study designs and regulatory issues will be explored. The course will also discuss the Principles of International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) Good Clinical Practice (GCP) Guidelines and how to successfully manage clinical trials. Additionally, knowledge of personalized medicine and behavioral/social issues in drug use will be taught.

Drug candidates and active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) need to be successfully delivered and must exhibit acceptable toxicology. This course follows drug discovery and examines key aspects of drug development, including drug formulation and quality, stability testing, pharmacokinetic characterization, bioequivalence, preclinical toxicology, methods of bioanalysis, and non-clinical and clinical Good Laboratory Practices (GLPs). Aspects of biologics will also be discussed.

FDA approval for the marketing of the drug or other regulated product (e.g., biologics, vaccines, medical devices, laboratory tests) is a major milestone in a product's lifecycle. But it doesn't stop there. Once on the market, how a drug is used and by whom, entry of competing products into the marketplace, and changes in medical care can change the benefit-risk balance. This course covers the breadth of clinical research and surveillance activities take place in the post-approval phase of a regulated medical product's lifecycle. This includes pharmacovigilance and risk management activities, pharmacoepidemiology, pharmacoeconomics, comparative effectiveness, and drug utilization research. The course is designed to prepare students to communicate across the pre-/post-marketing divide, evaluate the need for post-marketing studies, and to be able to critically interpret and apply the results of such studies.

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'Pharmacy, Drugs and the Health Care System' provides an examination of the principal components of the U.S. health care system with special emphasis on their relationship to the provision of drugs and pharmacy services. Students will learn about the structure and functioning of the U.S. health care system. Emphasis is placed upon analyzing issues associated with the accessibility, quality, continuity and cost of care and the way that health care is organized, financed, and regulated. The provision of drugs and pharmacy services is examined in the context of the health care enterprise as a whole.

This course covers medical sociology, psychology, social psychology, and interpersonal communication theories and research as they address medicine use and health-related behaviors involving patients, pharmacists, physicians, nurses, and other health care professionals. Students are acquainted with select health behavior theories and learn about research issues specific to the field of behavioral science.

This course focuses on: 1) programming tools and techniques for analyzing observational data using SAS, STATA and R; 2) best practices for storing, manipulating, and analyzing large datasets used in health outcomes studies; 3) programming commonly-used in statistical regression models for observational, non-randomized studies.

This course is designed to familiarize the student with economic structure, conduct and performance of the pharmaceutical industry and provide an introduction to pharmacoeconomics. The course includes such topics as prices and profits in the industry, productivity, cost, economies of scale, innovation, economic effects of regulation, cost benefit and cost effectiveness of pharmaceuticals and efficiency of drug delivery systems. Prerequisite: one undergraduate economics course or permission of the instructor.

This course provides an analysis of health as an economic good. Using microeconomic theories we will examine the behavior of health care providers, consumers, markets and firms. The underlying assumptions applicable to market economics are critically examined within the context of the health economy. Special problems of health economics are considered including assumptions of market competition, the demand and supply of medical care and health insurance, the role of government and equity.

This course focuses on: (1) advanced analytical methods used in comparative effectiveness research (CER) and pharmacoeconomics studies, (2) the identification and assessment of uncertainty in CER and pharmacoeconomic studies, and (3) the development of a statistical analysis plan for CER and pharmacoeconomics studies.

Health education is a scientific process designed to achieve voluntary behavioral changes to improve health status. Health promotion utilizes health education to promote health and prevent disease. The PRECEDE Model is used to demonstrate the analytical process to explore health problems, identify and assess the behavioral and non-behavioral factors associated with them in order to develop and evaluate interventions. This course addresses health education at the level of the individual, the family and the community at large. Because the relationship between practitioner and patient is often a major determinant of outcome, health promotion in the clinical setting is given emphasis. Cross-listed with PREV 650.

This course is designed to introduce the student to the concepts of scientific research in pharmacy practice and administrative science. Topics to be discussed include the scientific method and problem-solving processes, social science measurement, and several specific methods of research. Co-requisite: Introduction to Biostatistics

This course is designed to give research tools to design studies in the impact of pharmaceutical (or other) interventions or policies in actual practice settings. Unlike clinical trials where subjects are randomized to treatment or placebo arms, health services researchers typically are forced to use non-experimental designs with secondary data. This course will take you through the pitfalls in such designs and show you how to deal with them. Prerequisite: Research Methods I and an upper level graduate course in multiple regression.

This course is an introduction to the field of pharmacoepidemiology that uses quantitative research methods to examine questions of benefit or risk in regard to the use of marketed medications. The course is intended to offer useful techniques to medical and health researchers who wish to assess the utilization, effectiveness, and safety of marketed drug therapies. Prerequisite: Introduction to Biostatistics and Principles of Epidemiology. Cross-listed with PREV 705

This course provides an overview of comparative effectiveness and patient-centered outcomes research (CER/PCOR) covering a wide range of topics including history, definitions, and evolution of key terms. Additional topics include: identifying and engaging stakeholders; evidence-based medicine and health technology assessment; current policy issues; government and private sector roles and programs; PCORI, AHRQ, NIH, HHS, FDA, programs; CMS and private insurer uses; the role of cost/QALY; patient engagement and advocacy; evolving methods and standards resources; and methods and policy controversies.

This course provides an informative overview of healthcare quality improvement through an evaluation of quality and quality measures in varying aspects of healthcare and healthcare services.

Students are given the opportunity to work with a faculty member on individual and specialized projects/research. The project/research provides students direct experience of collection, organization, and analysis of data.

Graduate seminar is conducted weekly to inform students and faculty about new research and current issues. Each week there is a different presenter. The speaker may be a graduate student, postdoctoral fellow, resident, faculty member or guest speaker who presents a current topic in the educational or pharmaceutical field. Seminar attendance is mandatory for all graduate students while in residency.

The purpose of this course is to engage students in the application of advanced pharmacoepidemiologic methods by working through the research process. The faculty mentors help students to identify a feasible research project. Projects may be in the areas of drug utilization, drug safety, pharmacovigilance, or comparative effectiveness (CER). Faculty mentors lead students through the process of refining a study question, selecting an appropriate data source or population, measuring drug exposure/utilization and, where appropriate, identifying longitudinal statistical methods to assess secular trends, survival and time to event analyses, and the validity and assessment of health outcomes utilizing electronic databases. Students design and conduct an independent research project and prepare a manuscript. Class discussions focus on the design considerations, alternative methods, the regulatory science and clinical implications of their findings. This course is cross-listed as PREV 722. Prerequisites: PREV 600, PREV 620, and PHSR 704 or permission of the course manager.

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This interdisciplinary course describes the interrelationship among the disciplines of the pharmaceutical sciences, and establishes the basic theoretical background essential to the drug design and development process. A progression of pharmaceutical sciences content is presented and considers the drug discovery process, beginning with traditional drug design and optimization of drug structure, continuing with principles of pharmacology, including macromolecular structure, followed by modern drug discovery methods based on knowledge of the structure and pharmacology of the target molecule.

Describes the interrelationship among disciplines of the pharmaceutical sciences, and establishes the basic theoretical background essential to the drug design and development process. Emphasizes ability development; content progresses, beginning with traditional drug design and optimization of drug structure, continuing with principles of pharmacology, pharmaceutics, biopharmaceutics, pharmacokinetics, and drug metabolism. Also covers integrative competency in the final module. This is a two-semester course divided into seven integrated modules. These modules relate the various disciplines within the pharmaceutical sciences to the drug design and development process.

'Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics' focuses on drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion coupled with dosage and the parameters of clearance, volume of distribution, and bioavailability. These processes determine the concentration of drug at the site of action in the body. The course covers the quantitative relationship between dose and effect as a framework to interpret measurement of drug concentrations in biological fluids, and pharmacokinetic principles using mathematical processes and descriptive parameters that describe the time course of drugs in the systemic circulation and the relationship of drug concentrations to observed effect.

This course provides the student with the opportunity to rotate through laboratories of faculty that perform pharmaceutical science research.

'Pharmaceutical Formulations and Unit Processes' describes the interrelationship among the disciplines of the pharmaceutical sciences, and establishes the basic theoretical background essential to the drug design and development process. Built on material presented in PHAR600 Principles of Drug Discovery, the course covers the areas of pharmaceutics, biopharmaceutics, pharmacokinetics, and drug metabolism. Integrative competency is developed and demonstrated in the final module.

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Recent decades have seen examples of challenges to ethics in scientific research. With the goal of providing complete and contemporary training in research, this course exposes students to acceptable and unacceptable ethical behaviors. To help students understand the issues and to aid in discussions, this course is heavily case-based. Students gain training in appropriate experimental design, and in ways of conducting experiments and analyzing data. Students also learn to identify ethical issues in a practical sense by critical review of manuscripts. This course is offered to graduate students (MS and PhD) and to Pharmacy (PharmD) students. Knowledge gained in the course is considered an integral component of students' research training in pharmaceutical sciences.

'Modern Methods of Drug Delivery' focuses on the rationale for existing and future drug delivery systems. Students explore underlying physical, chemical, and biological bases for each system and identify benefits and drawbacks. Examples of delivery systems include inhalation aerosols, transdermal patches, microspheres, implants, and tablets. Emphasis is on the biopharmaceutics and transport properties and barriers associated with each method of delivery. The course also stresses written and oral presentation skills through student presentations and paper critique sessions.

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'Bioanalytical and Pharmacological Methods' covers theory and applications of separation techniques used for low molecular weight compounds, such as most drugs, larger biopolymers, such as proteins and DNA, and cell sorting analyses. Also covers the separation of chiral compounds, and assay requirements and techniques for the sensitive and accurate measurement of drugs and metabolites in biological matrices, with emphasis on pharmacokinetics and biopharmaceutical applications. In addition, the analysis of cell signaling proteins and their activities is covered.

'Pharmacometrics and Experimental Design' covers the theoretical and practical application of statistics and experimental design to help students use tools in research problems. The class discusses and uses computer programs to analyze data representing actual experimental situations. Prerequisites: PHAR 602 or PHAR 663.

'Molecular Spectroscopy and Imaging' introduces students to spectrometric techniques for the elucidation of molecular structure and to the analysis of pharmaceutically important materials. The methodologies covered include ultraviolet-visible, infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass and fluorescence spectrometry. The class includes discussions of physical principles, instrumentation involved, exercises in the interpretation of spectrometric data, and examples of application.

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Advanced Pharmacology I and II cover mechanisms by which pharmacological agents interact with the living organism to provide the student with a rational basis for investigations in biomedical research. Topics include the pharmacodynamics and the biochemical and physiological effect of drugs on biological systems, including the central and peripheral nervous system, and the endocrine, renal, respiratory, and cardiovascular systems. Lectures supplement weekly conferences and discussion groups.

Advanced Pharmacology I and II cover mechanisms by which pharmacological agents interact with the living organism to provide the student with a rational basis for investigations in biomedical research. Topics include the pharmacodynamics and the biochemical and physiological effect of drugs on biological systems, including the central and peripheral nervous system, and the endocrine, renal, respiratory, and cardiovascular systems. Lectures supplement weekly conferences and discussion groups.

After successful completion of this course, students should be able to describe the principles of and most current approaches to therapeutic drug monitoring, describe the mechanism of and predict the effects metabolic drug interactions (induction vs. inhibition), give the rationale for dose adjustments in special populations including elderly, obese, liver and kidney disease patients, apply pharmacokinetic principles, in a scientific manner, to solve a clinical problem/question, and provide a succinct, well-written pharmacokinetics consult note.

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Students are taught the application of synthetic organic chemistry to drug design. The course includes instruction in a range of standard functional group transformations and chemical mechanisms. Discussion then shifts to apply this synthetic chemistry knowledge to the synthesis of peptides, peptoids, small-molecules and natural products. Protecting group chemistry as well as solid phase synthesis are also discussed.

A survey of the performance and processing of solid dosage forms. As most pharmaceuticals are prepared from powders, emphasis is on identifying, measuring, and controlling those properties that decide the processing characteristics of powdered materials. Prerequisite: PHAR 535, physical chemistry (calculus based), or consent of instructor

This course is designed as a forum for students to present research projects to a peer audience and to help students thoroughly disseminate, analyze, and critique current research related to the pharmaceutical sciences. Students will be introduced to interdisciplinary research topics. Journal discussions with be coordinated with Department seminar speaker¿s research interests. Alternatively students may also use journal club as a forum for presenting their own research findings.

This course will provide basic knowledge about drug absorption at different sites in the human body (e.g. intestine, blood-brain barrier, kidney, liver) and the physicochemical and pharmaceutical factors, as well as pathophysiologic conditions, that influence drug penetration. This course will allow the students to understand the choice of a particular absorption route and dosage form.Furthermore, the interplay of drug metabolism and drug transport will be discussed.

As part of the students¿ advancement to candidacy exam, students make an oral presentation based on a research grant proposal prepared by the student, which is based on his or her proposed dissertation project.

Students orally present and critically review the progress and findings that are related to their research project.

A detailed study of the principles of drug transport, distribution, biotransformation, binding and excretion, with emphasis on quantitative aspects and measurement of these processes.

This course provides applications of chemical and biological principles to the rational design of drugs. Topics include targets of biologically active molecules, approaches to studying ligand and target interactions, overview of drug discovery, agents acting on specific targets, combinatorial chemistry, computation chemistry, and structure activity relationships.

`Topics in Metallobiochemistry¿ introduces basic concepts pertaining to metal ions in biological systems. Topics include metal ions in proteins, cofactors and metal clusters, metal ion transport and storage and regulation, and metalloenzymes. There is a series of two hour lectures on specific topics followed by student presentations of recent research articles from the literature on said specific topics. Students are graded on their paper selection, presentation, analysis of the paper, and intellectual contribution. Pre-requisites: PHAR 600/601.

Research projects are selected from a set of pre-defined projects provided by the Center for Translational Medicine (CTM). Students also use projects from their organizations towards the research. Projects need to be identified by the end of the first year. CTM staff guide the students on these projects. Pre-Requisites: PHMX 747, 759

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